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Wednesday, April 22, 2026

Epstein survivor says it's not too late to expose what happened at his New Mexico ranch

April 22, 2026
Epstein survivor says it's not too late to expose what happened at his New Mexico ranch

STANLEY, N.M. — More than two decades after she was sexually abused at Jeffrey Epstein’s New Mexico ranch, Rachel Benavidez is still waiting for someone to be held responsible for crimes there.

NBC Universal Rachel Benavidez (Krysta Jabczenski for NBC News)

She is amongat least 10 girls and young womenwho have alleged they were groomed or assaulted at Zorro Ranch, Epstein’s gated compound, beginning in the late 1990s. Benavidez and others said they were lured by promises of money or career help, then found themselves trapped, surrounded by miles of dry grassland with no neighbors in sight. They said they were groped, forced into nude massages, assaulted with sex toys, raped. They overcame paralyzing fear to share their ordeals again and again. And yet authorities have never fully investigated what happened at the ranch.

Jeffrey Epstein bought Zorro Ranch in the early 1990s and built a mansion that was miles from its nearest neighbor. (Adria Malcolm for NBC News)

“Until we are heard, until survivors are heard and believed, then I don’t think there’s ever going to be any justice,” Benavidez, 52, said in a recent interview, her first since the Justice Department in Januaryreleased millions of documentsthat brought renewed attention to Epstein’s activities at the ranch, and missed opportunities to investigate them.

For more on this story, watch “Hallie Jackson NOW” onNBC News NOWtoday at 5 p.m. ET.

The disclosures, including an unsubstantiated anonymous claim that two “foreign girls” died during sex and were secretly buried on the property, prompted state authorities to launch new investigations this year — a criminal case led by the New Mexico Department of Justice and a “truth commission” led by the state Legislature.

Benavidez says she would willingly tell investigators what she endured. Even though Epstein is long dead and his chief accomplice, Ghislaine Maxwell, is in prison, Benavidez says more people need to be held accountable.

“I don’t think it’s too late for the truth to come out about people that were involved and helped him and turned a blind eye to his crimes,” Benavidez said. She has not publicly shared names.

Benavidez says she will tell her story to New Mexico authorities.  (Krysta Jabczenski for NBC News )

New Mexico Attorney General Raúl Torrez said he is committed tofinishing an investigationthat should have been done years ago. His officesearched the ranchin March, the first time law enforcement had done so. And he promised to give survivors a safe place to share their experiences.

“We are going to do everything we can to get to the bottom of what happened there, follow every lead, no matter how uncomfortable it is or how long it takes, and most importantly, we need to center the voices of victims in this process,” Torrez told NBC News.

New Mexico has long been treated as an undercard in the Epstein saga, although allegations of abuse there date nearly as far back as allegations in Florida and New York.

He bought the ranch in 1993 and visited several times a year, often with girls or young women. In 2008, he pleaded guilty in Florida to paying underage girls for sex and cut a deal with prosecutors that spared him serious jail time and ended a more expansive federal investigation that included New Mexico. In 2019, federal authorities in New York arrested him on a new set of charges that did not mention New Mexico. The New Mexico Attorney General’s Office opened its own investigation of Epstein that year, but stopped at the request of the prosecutors in New York, ultimately sending them the case file.

Epstein returned to New Mexico after his jail sentence but was not required to register as a sex offender. (Santa Fe County Sheriff’s Office)

Former New Mexico Attorney General Hector Balderas, who led the 2019 investigation, said he expected the prosecutors in New York to share evidence that could be used to charge Epstein with state crimes, but he heard nothing from them — not after Epstein was found dead in a jail cell in August 2019, nor after they secured a conviction of Maxwell in December 2021.

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Like the sweetheart deal two decades ago in Florida, the missed opportunities in New Mexico represent “a black eye in the justice system,” Balderas said. “Not everybody’s case gets reviewed the same, and sometimes law enforcement and prosecutors don’t do a good job at sharing information and working together to get the conviction.”

Torrez said he has asked the Justice Department for unredacted copies of documents in the Epstein files that mention Zorro Ranch. The Justice Department said it welcomed the new investigation and was ready to provide help.

Benavidez, a New Mexico native, first came to the ranch in late 1999 when she was a 22-year-old newly licensed massage therapist. She said she was hired first to massage Maxwell, and later Epstein. She recalled the beauty of the landscape as she drove to the ranch, which felt intimidating and isolating. In an FBI interview, she described passing through security and driving a winding dirt road to a mansion where she descended into a basement-level massage room, passing pictures of topless women.

Zorro Ranch was one of Benavidez's first paying jobs after she graduated from massage school. (Courtesy Rachel Benavidez)

At first, Benavidez said, Epstein and Maxwell seemed like eccentric rich people with powerful connections who paid good money and could help her find more opportunities. Her impression darkened as Epstein’s massages turned aggressively sexual; Benavidez said he raped her. Ashamed and scared, she said nothing. When she tried to turn down requests to return, Epstein’s staff pushed her until she relented.

Benavidez says Ghislaine Maxwell groomed her for Epstein's abuse. (Department of Justice)

Benavidez said that for a while she thought she was the only one being abused at the ranch. “When I would go out there and I would see all these girls who I thought were Victoria’s Secret models, there was no way he was doing that to them,” she said.

This went on for two years. She stopped going to the ranch when Epstein asked her to sign a nondisclosure agreement, but the abuse haunted her, sending her adrift. For a long time, she blamed herself.

She kept the assaults a secret until Epstein’s 2019 arrest, when more victims began speaking publicly. When she came forward, she met many of the others, including five “survivor sisters” whom she leans on for support. “They helped me to carry the weight of this very heavy issue. Without them, I couldn’t do this,” Benavidez said.

Zorro Ranch has become a rallying point for victims, families and New Mexicans demanding answers.  (Adria Malcolm for NBC News)

She has given interviews and talked to the FBI. The trauma, however, never goes away.

Benavidez now works as a hospice nurse, a job she loves, and she does not want to let Epstein take her attention away from her patients.

She still speaks because she wants to be part of an effort to expose Epstein’s enablers.

Seeing Epstein in the news triggers traumatic memories for Benavidez. (Krysta Jabczenski for NBC News)

“I know that there’s co-conspirators, and there’s people even that I have not named, that I believe were involved and knew what was going on,” Benavidez said. “So I hope that they find the truth so those people can be brought to justice and prosecuted.”

Hallie Jackson reported from Stanley and Jon Schuppe from New York.

If you or someone you know has been sexually assaulted, call theNational Sexual Assault Hotlineat1-800-656-4673. The hotline, run by the Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN), can put you in contact with your local rape crisis center. You can also access RAINN’s online chat service athttps://www.rainn.org/get-help.

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Coachella Slapped With Massive Fine After Justin Bieber’s Set Broke Golden Rule

April 22, 2026
Coachella Slapped With Massive Fine After Justin Bieber’s Set Broke Golden Rule

Coachella 2026took place onApril 10-12and17-19and was headlined bySabrina Carpenter,Karol G, andJustin Bieber.

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While the first weekend went smoothly, Justin Bieber’s performance in the second weekend racked up asignificant penalty feefor the Coachella organizers because of arule imposedby thecity of Indio.

At the same time, many netizens who were upset about the tickets and food prizes at Coachella being allegedly too high dismissed the situation with lighthearted jokes.

“So a round of drinks will cover the fines,” one user said.

Organizers were fined $44,000 for Anyma and Justin Bieber’s Coachella sets

Image credits:Getty/Kevin Mazur

Co-founded by Paul Tollett and Rick Van Santen in 1999, the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival is held annually at the Empire Polo Club in Indio, California, and is organized by Goldenvoice, a subsidiary of AEG Worldwide.

Image credits:Coachella

An agreement Goldenvoice has with Indio requires performances to wrap up by 1 a.m. on Friday and Saturday, and by midnight on Sunday. Breaching of this rule results in a straight $20,000 fine for the first five minutes of delay, and an additional $1,000 per minute from the sixth minute onward.

Image credits:Getty/Kevin Mazur

Anyma (real name Matteo Milleri), an Italian-American musician and one of the duo Tale of Us, performed on Friday, April 17, atCoachella 2026, after his first weekend set was canceled due to severe weather.

His set went nine minutes past the cutoff time, costing the organizers $24,000.

On Saturday, April 18, Justin Bieber went two minutes over while performing theheadlining set, which featured a special appearance from Billie Eilish. It added another $20,000 to the weekend 2 fines.

A representative for the city of Indio confirmed the numbers toTMZ.

Image credits:Getty/Kevin Mazur

The money from these fines goes to Indio’s General Fund and is used to fund the city’s expenses, such as public works, the police, and fire departments.

Coachella has been hit with huge curfew fines in the past few years

Image credits:Coachella

Justin Bieber was not the firsthigh-profile artistto cost Coachella in fines.

Indio’s current contract with Coachella was signed in 2013 and runs through 2050. Under the previous contract, the fine for breaking the curfew rule was $1,000 per minute flat.

The regulation cost Goldenvoice $54,000 in 2009, when Beatles legendPaul McCartneyplayed 54 minutes over the scheduled time.

The Killers also played an extra 30 minutes that same year.

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The organizers were forced to pull the plug during The Cure’s set, who started a new song at around 12:30 a.m.

Image credits:Coachella

“The music is supposed to end every night at midnight,” Commander. Ben Guitron from Indio police said after the incident, according toNBC Washington. “How Goldenvoice addresses our concerns is up to them.”

He added that the police were not physically involved in shutting down the event.

In 2023, Coachella missed the curfew on both weekends, with six performers going over the cutoff time, includingBad Bunny, Frank Ocean, and The Weeknd.

Image credits:Instagram / ldr.isart

It cost the organizers $117,000 in fines in the first weekend and $51,000 in the second, totaling $168,000 for the whole event.

In 2024, Lana Del Rey’s performance continued for 13 minutes after 1 a.m., resulting in$28,000 in finesfor the organizers.

Justin Bieber dedicated a special performance to Billie Eilish

Image credits:Getty/Kevin Mazur

As part of his 2026 Coachella set, which included karaoke-style renditions of his old hits, Justin Bieber performed his 2009 hit trackOneLessLonely Girl.

During the song, he invitedBillie Eilishup from the audience to be serenaded — a throwback to his early tours when he would do the same with fans.

Visibly emotional, Eilish sat in a chair, smiling and holding her head in her hands as he sang to her. They quickly hugged after a while before she ran back into the crowd.

Afterward, Eilish shared an Instagram story of her face with red andteary eyesand the caption, “Can’t stop crying.”

Image credits:billieeilish

Eilish’s mother, Maggie Baird, shared an Instagram post that revealed that it was Justin’s wife,Hailey Bieber, who encouraged and prompted her to go onstage.

“One of the most touching moments ever,” Baird wrote. “Watching this crazy, unimaginable dream come true over many years is so incredible.”

She also thanked Justin and Hailey for their kindness.

Eilish has been a fan of Justin Bieber since ayoung ageand famously had posters of theBabysinger in her teenage bedroom.

Their first public meeting at Coachella 2019 went viral when Bieber approached her duringAriana Grande’s set, and the two shared an embrace.

“Long and bright future ahead of you,” Bieber later wrote about Eilish on his Instagram.

“$40K is nothing to them.” The internet shared reactions to Coachella getting fined for Justin Bieber’s performance

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Rep Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick sanction decision looms amid calls for her expulsion from Congress

April 22, 2026
Rep Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick sanction decision looms amid calls for her expulsion from Congress

Democratic Rep. Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick of Florida faces a critical moment in her political career Tuesday as the House Ethics Committee weighs what punishment to recommend for25 violations of House rules and ethical standards, including breaking campaign finance laws.

The Independent US Cherfilus-McCormick has pleaded not guilty to the criminal charges and says she is not guilty of ethics violations, either (Getty Images)

Republicans are alreadycalling for the expulsion of Cherfilus-McCormick, who is in her third term and is running for reelection in a southeastern Florida district.

She is also facing federal criminal charges accusing her of stealing $5 million in coronavirus disaster relief funds and using the money to buy items such as a 3-carat yellow diamond ring.

Cherfilus-McCormick has pleaded not guilty to the criminal charges and denies the ethics violations.

The allegations against the congresswoman center on how she received millions of dollars from her family’s health care business after Florida mistakenly overpaid the business by roughly $5 million with COVID-19 disaster relief funds. She is accused of using that money to fund her 2022 congressional campaign through a network of businesses and family members.

Cherfilus-McCormick declined to testify during a previous Ethics Committee hearing, citing her Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. Her attorney, William Barzee, sparred with some of thelawmakersand argued that they should have allowed a thorough ethics trial, at which he could present witnesses and evidence to counter the conclusions of House investigators.

Congresswoman Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (right) is pictured with Congresswoman Ilhan Omar (left) and Jill Biden (Getty Images for ELLE)

A group of supporters in Cherfilus-McCormick's congressional district have weighed in on her behalf with the lawmakers who lead the Ethics Committee. They noted that the committee's decision could leave hundreds of thousands of people without representation in Congress during an important time in their state, and they urged committee leaders to proceed with caution.

“Our communities deserve stability. Our voices deserve to be heard. And our right to representation must be protected,” said one of the letters sent to the committee signed by about a dozen local faith leaders, union officials and others.

In all, the panel's two-year investigation led to the issuance of 59 subpoenas, 28 witness interviews and a review of more than 33,000 pages of documents.

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Rep. Greg Steube, a Florida Republican, has said he will move to expel Cherfilus-McCormick once the Ethics Committee makes a determination on what punishment it will recommend.

That move could in turn prompt Democrats to seek the expulsion of Rep. Cory Mills, a Florida Republican who is the subject of a wide-ranging investigation by the Ethics Committee that includes whether he violated campaign finance laws, misused congressional resources and engaged in sexual misconduct or dating violence. That investigation is ongoing. Mills has denied any wrongdoing.

Cherfilus-McCormick appears for a hearing of the House Ethics Committee on Capitol Hill on March 26, 2026 in Washington, DC (Getty Images)

The focus on lawmaker wrongdoing comes just one week after two lawmakers resigned during ethics investigations into alleged sexual misconduct. Democratic Rep. Eric Swalwell of California and Republican Rep. Tony Gonzales of Texas headed off possible expulsion votes with their resignations.

House Democratic leaders have declined to condemn Cherfilus-McCormick, saying they wanted to see the ethics process play out.

Potential punishments include a reprimand or a censure, which serve as forms of public rebuke. The committee could also recommend a fine. The most severe form of punishment is expulsion, but the House has historically been reluctant to serve as the final arbiter of a lawmaker’s career, preferring to give that final say to the voters.

Only six members of the House have been expelled. The first three fought for the Confederacy during the Civil War and were expelled for disloyalty. The next two had been convicted of crimes.

The final one wasGeorge Santos, the scandal-plagued freshmanwho was the subject of a blistering ethics report on his conduct as well as federal indictment. Santos, a New York Republican, served time in prison for ripping off his campaign donors before President Donald Trump granted him clemency, and he has apologized to his former constituents.

Under the Constitution, at least two-thirds of the House has to vote for expulsion for it to occur, a high threshold that requires enormous bipartisan support.

House Speaker Mike Johnson, R-La., told reporters last week he believes the House will move to expel Cherfilus-McCormick.

“The facts are indisputable at this point, and so I believe it’ll be the consensus of this body that she should be expelled,” Johnson said.

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Berlin Zoo offers joy and respite with dementia-friendly tours

April 22, 2026
Berlin Zoo offers joy and respite with dementia-friendly tours

A specialised zoo tour inBerlinis offering moments of wonder to elderly people living withdementia.

The Independent US Monika Jansen, 85, touches a sculpture of a rhino as she takes part in a guided tour for people with dementia organized by Malteser Deutschland, part of the international Catholic aid organization Malteser Order of Malta, at the Zoo in Berlin, Germany (AP)

Last month, 86-year-old Christel Krueger was captivated, watching a mother hippopotamus and her calf sleep at theBerlinZoo.

The excursion, organised by Malteser Deutschland, was designed for people with the condition. Ingrid Barkow watched elephants from her wheelchair, while Monika Jansen, 85, stretched to see a rhinoceros.

Jansen reflected: "When I get home, I’ll still be thinking about it. Maybe even at night, while I’m sleeping and dreaming about it."

These women are amongGermany’s 1.6 million people with dementia, a figure expected to reach 2.8 million by 2050, according to the Office of the National Dementia Strategy.

Specialised tours grow worldwide

Museumsand other cultural institutions across the globe have added specialised, barrier-free tours and guides to their repertoire in recent years, some made possible by advances in technology.

These include sign-language tours for people who are deaf and hard of hearing, touch-based events for those with blindness or low vision and programs for people on the autism spectrum.

Krueger, Jansen and Barkow followed Malteser Berlin tour coordinator Carola Tembrink around the Berlin Zoo, accompanied by their daughters and a caregiver (AP)

The Berlin chapter of Malteser Deutschland last year designed a cultural program in the capital catering to people with dementia.

“Peoplewith dementia aren’t very visible in our society. It’s still a major taboo subject, yet it actually affects a great many people and it’s important that they continue to be at the heart of society," project coordinator Christine Gruschka said.

"They have a right to participate, just like everyone else.”

Millions of people around the globe have some form of dementia, a progressive loss of memory, reasoning, language skills and other cognitive functions.

People can experience changes in personality, emotional control and even visual perception. Alzheimer’s is the most widely recognised type, but there are many others, with their own symptoms and underlying biology.

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Ingrid Barkow, left, is wrapped in a blanket by her daughter Manuela Grudda, during a guided tour for people with dementia at Berlin Zoo (AP)

Malteser Berlin's tours for people with dementia occur at the zoo, the Museum of Natural History, Britzer Garden and Charlottenburg Palace, with hopes of expanding to other locations.

“‘Normal’ tours — so-called normal tours — are often too fast, too loud, with too many people and too many distractions," Gruschka said.

"That’s why we’ve made it our goal to create programs specifically for people with dementia: Where they still feel seen, where they feel comfortable, and where they can still show that they’re still here and can still be part of it.”

Dementia-specific tours are key for caregivers and families

Krueger, Jansen and Barkow followed Malteser Berlin tour coordinator Carola Tembrink around the Berlin Zoo, accompanied by their daughters and a caregiver.

Tembrink skipped the majority of the zoo's vast offerings to focus on the hippo, rhino and elephant habitats so the participants would not get too tired or overwhelmed.

“The zoo is a wonderful place for tours like this because almost everyone who grew up in Berlin has been here as a child," Tembrink said.

"And especially for people with dementia, childhood memories are often still present — they just need to be jogged a bit — and that happens naturally when they see the animals, smell the air as they enter the zoo, or when they go into the rhino house and catch a different scent.”

For the caregivers and families, the tours are a lifeline. During long and sometimes frustrating days of caring for someone with dementia, a specialised tour lets them connect with others who understand the journey.

Project coordinator Christine Gruschka, left, talks to Monika Jansen, 85, during a guided tour for people with dementia organised by Malteser Deutschland (AP)

Krueger was formally diagnosed last year with dementia, but her daughter, Kerstin Hoehne, said the symptoms appeared more than two years ago.

“What’s nice is that it’s also with, let’s say, like-minded people, that you’re not alone, but that you have a sense of belonging because everyone else might have the same problem,” Hoehne said.

Barkow's daughter, Manuela Grudda, said the tour brought them closer together. Grudda pushed Barkow's wheelchair through the zoo, her hands caressing her mother's shoulders or pointing out the animals.

“I can’t really communicate with her in a normal way, of course, but I see that when I show her something, she looks at it, she’s paying attention, and that’s important,” Grudda said. “And it just makes me happy that she’s not just in her own world, but also in this one.”

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Tougher rules on pet passports means ‘EU citizen’ loophole for cats and dogs ends

April 22, 2026
Tougher rules on pet passports means ‘EU citizen’ loophole for cats and dogs ends

Manypet ownersin Great Britain who want to take their animal to the Continent – or the island of Ireland – now face extra red tape.

The Independent US Rhodes trip: Cat in a backstreet on the Greek island (Charlotte Hindle)

Until now tens of thousands of people who live in Britain have obtained an EU pet passport for their cat, dog or ferret – making it much easier and cheaper to travel to theEuropean Union. But Brussels has tightened up the rules, ferreting out pet owners who live in Britain and have previously been using an EU pet passport.

The UK government is telling pet owners: “EU pet passports may only be issued to owners whose main residence is within the European Union.”

British residents travelling to the EU with a pet dog, cat or ferret will henceforth need to obtain an Animal Health Certificate (AHC). Some pet owners say they were not given enough notice of the change.

How did British pets get to have European Union passports in the first place?

Up to 2021, when the UK made its final exit from the EU, every pet could have an European Union passport. The Brexit agreement made it more difficult to take pets outside Great Britain. Northern Ireland pets face no such problems – they follow the easier EU rules.

But some British pet owners, particular those with second homes in France, Spain and Italy, found that the could persuade a local vet to issue an EU pet passport. That made the process cheaper and simpler.

The new European law says: “Pet passports are not intended to be issued to pet dogs, pet cats or pet ferrets which are kept by pet owners who have their main residence outside the Union and reside only temporarily or seasonally in the Union.

“The pet passport is only intended to be issued to pet dogs, pet cats or pet ferrets kept in the member state where their pet owners reside habitually and have their main residence. Such information is to be furnished by the pet owner to allow the issuing veterinarian to duly and accurately complete the pet passport.”

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What are the rules now for taking a pet to the European Union?

You must get your pet microchipped. Assuming the animal is 12 weeks or older, it must then be given a rabies vaccination. At least three weeks must elapse between the rabies jab and travelling.

For each journey, the pet must have an EU animal health certificate (AHC) confirming the microchipping and the vaccination.

The certificate must be issued within 10 days of entry to the EU or Northern Ireland. Vets charge around £200 for the certificate. A new one is required for each journey.

The maximum validity for re-entry to Great Britain is four months – but in any event humans with UK passports are limited to 90 days, so that is not relevant for most people.

For dogs going to Ireland, Malta, Norway and Finland, and for dogs returning to the UK, tapeworm treatment must be administered between one and five days before travel.

What do vets say?

Guy Smith of the specialist firm PassPets toldThe Independent: “We’ve seen a significant increase in enquiries over the past few days, particularly from people due to travel imminently who weren’t aware of the change. We’re doing our best to accommodate these last-minute AHC appointments.”

“The short notice of these changes feels unfair on pet owners – I’d expect some disruption at the border as a result.”

Read more:Athens faces showdown with EU as Greece drops biometrics for British visitors

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Researchers have spent decades breeding better potatoes for chips, and their work isn't done

April 22, 2026
Researchers have spent decades breeding better potatoes for chips, and their work isn't done

EAST LANSING, Mich. (AP) — There’s a surprising amount of science in abag of potato chips.

Associated Press David Douches, a Michigan State University professor who leads the school's Potato Breeding and Genetics Program, holds a potato chip in his hand during a taste testing in East Lansing, Mich., on Tuesday, March 24, 2026 (AP Photo/Mike Householder) Better Made Snack Foods worker Tonya Tinsleydoes quality control checks on potatoes at a processing facility in Detroit, on Thursday, April 2, 2026 (AP Photo/Mike Householder) Potato chips move along a conveyor at a Better Made Snack Foods processing facility in Detroit, on Thursday, April 2, 2026 (AP Photo/Mike Householder) David Douches, a Michigan State University professor who leads the school's Potato Breeding and Genetics Program, inspects some items at a campus greenhouse in East Lansing, Mich., on Tuesday, March 24, 2026 (AP Photo/Mike Householder)

Making Better Chips

Researchers have spent decades developing potatoes for chip makers that can grow inall kinds of climates, avoid diseases and pests, sit in storage for months and still deliver a satisfying crunch. They've also kept an eye on consumer trends; a shift to snack-size portions has increased the demand for smaller chipping potatoes, for example.

“The potato industry is dynamic," said David Douches, a Michigan State University professor who leads the school’s Potato Breeding and Genetics Program. “The needs change, the costs, the pressures that they have, and the markets change. So we have to adapt to that with our varieties.”

Douches has developed five new potato varieties for chips in the the last 15 years. His latest breakthrough is abioengineered potatothat can maintain a proper sugar balance when stored at colder temperatures, which can help keep potatoes from rotting. He is currently growing seeds for commercial testing of the potato, which is not yet on the market.

Douches' work helps fight world hunger; he has developed disease-resistant varieties for farmers in Nigeria, Kenya,Rwandaand Bangladesh. But he's also helping U.S. chip makers, gratefulsnackersand Michigan's $2.5 billion potato industry. WhileIdaho leadsthe U.S. in potato production, Michigan is the top producer of potatoes for chips.

There are around 50 unique potato varieties grown for chips in the U.S. right now, according to the National Chip Program, a cooperative that brings together Michigan State and 11 otheruniversity breeding programswith growers,companies that make chips, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Efforts to improve those varieties are constant. The National Chip Program evaluates around 225 new potato varieties each year and selects 100 for further trials, said Tim Rendall, the director of production research at Potatoes USA, a trade group that oversees the chip program.

The close partnership between researchers,farmersand potato chip companies is unusual in the food industry, said Phil Gusmano, the vice president of purchasing at Better Made Snack Foods, which has produced potato chips in Detroit since 1930. Better Made worked closely with Douches when he was developing two of the varieties the company uses now, Gusmano said.

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“We were able talk about size profile and different needs that make a really good chip,” Gusmano said. “And the great thing is, they’re willing to listen to what we have to say, because if they put together a potato that doesn’t really meet the needs for the end processor, it doesn’t do them any good.”

Breeding a newtype of potatocan take up to 15 years, Douches said. The simple potato has a surprisingly complicatedgenetic structure, with four chromosomes in each cell compared to two in most species, including humans. That makes it harder to predict which traits that cross-bred plants will inherit, he said.

“We’re never able to fix a trait and carry that over to the next generation, so it’s very difficult to find a potato that has all the traits that we want,” Douches said.

Douches became fascinated with potato breeding and genetics while in graduate school. At Michigan State, he focuses on chipping potatoes, since Michigan is a leading producer. Around 70% of the state’s potato crop is destined for chip processing, according to the Michigan Ag Council. The trade group estimates that one of every four bags of potato chips produced in the U.S. contains Michigan potatoes.

Breeding potatoes that can sit in storage for nearly a year has been one of the biggest challenges in Douches' 40-year career. Historically, farmers harvested potatoes and then stored them in huge piles at around 50 degrees Fahrenheit (10 degrees Celsius). Temperatures any colder cause sugar levels to rise in the root vegetables, and higher sugar content leads to darker potato chips. But warmer storage conditions can lead to rot.

“You think they’re just these inanimate objects, but they actually are respiring and breathing,” Douches said. “When you do that to them, you’ve got, like, a two- to three-day window where they’re happy.”

His Manistee variety, which was released in 2013, can be safely stored until July at 45 F (7.2 C) degrees. His new bioengineered potato can be stored at 40 F (4.4 C).

Gusmano said Better Made used to sourcepotatoesfrom outside of Michigan for half the year because the Michigan potatoes it harvested in the fall only could be stored until February. The company now uses newer varieties, like Douches' Mackinaw potato, which can be stored until July and is resistant to several common diseases.

“We’re not shipping potatoes from all over the country to be fried here in Michigan,” Gusmano said. “Instead, they’re being shipped from an hour and a half away all year long.”

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